chapter 20 and documents

The great depression
The most influential change of the postwar decades lay in the great depression. If world war 1 represented the political collapse of Europe this catastrophic downturn suggested that western capitalism was likewise failing. During the nineteenth century that economic system had spurred the most substantial economic growth in the world history and had raised the living standards of millions but to many people it was a troubling system. Never had the flaws of capitalism been so evident or so devastating as during the decade that followed the outbreak of the great depression in 1929. All across the Euro- America this economic system seemed to unravel.  On the day that the American stock market initially crashed eleven wall street financiers committed suicide some by jumping out of skyscrapers. Banks closed and many people lost their life savings. Investment dried up world trade dropped by 62% within a few years and businesses contracted when they were unable to sell their products. For ordinary people the worst feature of the great depression was the lost of work. Unemployment soared everywhere and in both Germany and the U.S. it reached 30% or more by the 1932. It spreader from the Americas to Europe and beyond and its continuation for a decade has been complicated economy during the 1920s. In a country untouched by the Great Wa, wartime demand gad greatly stimulated agricultural and industrial capacity. Ending of 1920s its farms and factories were producing more goods than could be sold because of the highly unequal distribution of income meant that many people could not afford to buy the products that American factories were churning out.
The great depression also sharply challenged the government of industrialized capitalist countries which generally  had believed that the economy would regulate itself through the market. The markets apparent failure to self correct led many people to look twice at the Soviet Union. There the dispossession of the propertied classes and a state controlled economy had generated an impressive economic growth with almost unemployment in the 1930s even as the capitalist world reeling.

Nation and Race
There are some truths which are obvious the for this reason are not seen or at least not recognized by ordinary people. Every animal mates only with a member of the same species. Any crossing of two being not at exactly the same level produced a medium between the level of the two parents.